January 2025 – My Projects & Live

Install osTicket

Ref: https://www.rosehosting.com/blog/how-to-install-osticket-on-ubuntu-22-04/

Download

Install osTicket 1.10

LOCAL SETUP (I uses PHP 7.4)

I tried to setup a virtualhost:

sudo gedit /etc/apache2/sites-available/osticket-v1.10.test.conf

Here is the file osticket-v1.10.test.conf:

[codesyntax lang=”text”]

&lt;VirtualHost osticket-v1.10.test:80&gt;
    ServerName osticket-v1.10.test
    ServerAlias www.osticket-v1.10.test
    DocumentRoot "/home/satria/Documents/projects/osticket-v1.10/upload"
    DirectoryIndex index.php
    &lt;Directory "/home/satria/Documents/projects/osticket-v1.10"&gt;
        AllowOverride All
        Allow from All
        Require all granted
    &lt;/Directory&gt;
    ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/osticket-v1.10.error.log 
    CustomLog /var/log/apache2/osticket-v1.10.access.log combined
&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;

ServerName osticket-v1.10.test

ServerAlias www.osticket-v1.10.test

DocumentRoot "/home/satria/Documents/projects/osticket-v1.10/upload"

DirectoryIndex index.php

AllowOverride All

Allow from All

Require all granted

</Directory>

ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/osticket-v1.10.error.log

CustomLog /var/log/apache2/osticket-v1.10.access.log combined

</VirtualHost>

[/codesyntax]

activate it:

sudo a2ensite osticket-v1.10.test

Restart/reload the server:

sudo systemctl reload apache2

Insert osticket-v1.10.test in my local host:

sudo gedit /etc/hosts

Here is the entry that need to be put in:

127.0.0.1 osticket-v1.10.test

Restart/reload the server:

sudo systemctl reload apache2

Change the files & dir permission:
satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/osticket-v1.10$ sudo chmod -R 777 .

I need to install some php 7.4 extensions missing:
sudo apt install php7.4-imap && sudo apt install php7.4-apcu

Now the site is http://osticket-v1.10.test
SETUP:
rename/copy
from:
/home/satria/Documents/projects/osticket-v1.10/upload/include/ost-sampleconfig.php
to:
/home/satria/Documents/projects/osticket-v1.10/upload/include/ost-config.php

create a new database : osticket_110

set user account
username: adminOT
password: adminOT

after the successful installation:
satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/osticket-v1.10$ sudo chmod 0644 upload/include/ost-config.php

Your osTicket URL:
http://osticket-v1.10.test/

Your Staff Control Panel or admin:
http://osticket-v1.10.test/scp

after the admin login, I got ‘Valid CSRF Token Required’
SOLUTION:
REF: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41542268/valid-csrf-token-required-in-osticket-after-login
in include/class.ostsession.php

Just add this line:

$this->data->session_data = “”;
After:

catch (DoesNotExist $e) {
$this->data = new SessionData([‘session_id’ => $id]);
}

So it will be:

catch (DoesNotExist $e) {
$this->data = new SessionData([‘session_id’ => $id]);
$this->data->session_data = “”;
}

Then try to login from scratch, don’t just refresh the submission.

Install osTicket 1.18.1

LOCAL SETUP (I uses PHP 8.2)
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

sudo a2dismod php7.4 
sudo systemctl reload apache2 

sudo a2enmod php8.2
sudo systemctl reload apache2

sudo a2dismod php7.4

sudo systemctl reload apache2

sudo a2enmod php8.2

sudo systemctl reload apache2

[/codesyntax]

I tried to setup a virtualhost:

sudo gedit /etc/apache2/sites-available/osticket-v1.18.1.test.conf

Here is the file osticket-v1.18.1.test.conf:

[codesyntax lang=”text”]

&lt;VirtualHost osticket-v1.18.1.test:80&gt;
    ServerName osticket-v1.18.1.test
    ServerAlias www.osticket-v1.18.1.test
    DocumentRoot "/home/satria/Documents/projects/osticket-v1.18.1/osticket-v1.18.1/upload"
    DirectoryIndex index.php
    &lt;Directory "/home/satria/Documents/projects/osticket-v1.18.1"&gt;
        AllowOverride All
        Allow from All
        Require all granted
    &lt;/Directory&gt;
    ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/osticket-v1.18.1.error.log 
    CustomLog /var/log/apache2/osticket-v1.18.1.access.log combined
&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;

ServerName osticket-v1.18.1.test

ServerAlias www.osticket-v1.18.1.test

DocumentRoot "/home/satria/Documents/projects/osticket-v1.18.1/osticket-v1.18.1/upload"

DirectoryIndex index.php

AllowOverride All

Allow from All

Require all granted

</Directory>

ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/osticket-v1.18.1.error.log

CustomLog /var/log/apache2/osticket-v1.18.1.access.log combined

</VirtualHost>

[/codesyntax]

activate it:

sudo a2ensite osticket-v1.18.1.test

Restart/reload the server:

sudo systemctl reload apache2

Insert osticket-v1.18.1.test in my local host:

sudo gedit /etc/hosts

Here is the entry that need to be put in:

127.0.0.1 osticket-v1.18.1.test

Restart/reload the server:

sudo systemctl reload apache2

Change the files & dir permission:
satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/osticket-v1.18.1$ sudo chmod -R 777 .

I need to install some php 8.2 extensions missing (if not exist):
sudo apt install php8.2-imap && sudo apt install php8.2-apcu

Now the site is http://osticket-v1.18.1.test
SETUP:
rename/copy
from:
/home/satria/Documents/projects/osticket-v1.18.1/osticket-v1.18.1/upload/include/ost-sampleconfig.php
to:
/home/satria/Documents/projects/osticket-v1.18.1/osticket-v1.18.1/upload/include/ost-config.php

create a new database : osticket_1181

set user account
username: adminOT
password: adminOT

after the successful installation:
satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/osticket-v1.18.1/osticket-v1.18.1/$ sudo chmod 0644 upload/include/ost-config.php

Your osTicket URL:
http://osticket-v1.18.1.test/

Your Staff Control Panel or admin:
http://osticket-v1.18.1.test/scp

THE EMAIL SETTING:

configure emails setting (http://osticket-v1.18.1.test/scp/emails.php)
Note: Create a few emails alias for satria@advchaweb.com on the hostinger like osticket1@advchaweb.com, osticket2@advchaweb.com, osticket3@advchaweb.com

Create a new email ->

Account Tab:
Email Address: osticket1@advchaweb.com
Email Name: osticket1@advchaweb.com
Department:
Priority: Normal
Help Topic:
Auto Response: (unchecked)

Remote Mailbox Tab:
Mailbox Setting:
Hostname: imap.hostinger.com
Port Number: 993
Mail Folder: INBOX
Protocol: IMAP
Authentication: Basic Authentication -> Click ‘Config’ button
–>
Email Address: satria@advchaweb.com
password: +PL5x8mQ

Email Fetching:
Status: Enable –> to fetch the incoming email
Fetch Frequency: 15 minutes
Emails Per Fetch: 50
Fetched Emails: Archive – move to folder -> 2023OstFetched

Outgoing (SMTP) Tab:
Status: Enable –> MUST BE
Hostname: smtp.hostinger.com –> NO. USE THE smtp-relay.brevo.com SETTING BELOW
Port Number: 465
Authentication: Same as Remote Mailbox
Header Spoofing: (checked) Allow for this email

SORRY, ONLY ADMIN CAN SHOW THIS!

Create a Login App with ASP.NET on Ubuntu 22.04

Here’s a step-by-step guide to create a simple login form using ASP.NET Core (C#) and MS SQL Server with VS Code and Linux:

Install .NET SDK If you haven’t already, install the .NET SDK for your Linux distribution. You can find instructions on the official Microsoft website.check your dotnet version
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

dotnet --version 8.0.405

1
2

dotnet --version
8.0.405

[/codesyntax]

Create a new ASP.NET Core project Open a terminal and run:

dotnet new mvc -n LoginApp

1	dotnet new mvc -n LoginApp

[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/aspnet$ dotnet new mvc -n LoginApp
The template "ASP.NET Core Web App (Model-View-Controller)" was created successfully.
This template contains technologies from parties other than Microsoft, see https://aka.ms/aspnetcore/8.0-third-party-notices for details.

Processing post-creation actions...
Restoring /home/satria/Documents/projects/aspnet/LoginApp/LoginApp.csproj:
  Determining projects to restore...
  Restored /home/satria/Documents/projects/aspnet/LoginApp/LoginApp.csproj (in 83 ms).
Restore succeeded.

satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/aspnet$ dotnet new mvc -n LoginApp

The template "ASP.NET Core Web App (Model-View-Controller)" was created successfully.

This template contains technologies from parties other than Microsoft, see https://aka.ms/aspnetcore/8.0-third-party-notices for details.

Processing post-creation actions...

Restoring /home/satria/Documents/projects/aspnet/LoginApp/LoginApp.csproj:

Determining projects to restore...

Restored /home/satria/Documents/projects/aspnet/LoginApp/LoginApp.csproj (in 83 ms).

Restore succeeded.

[/codesyntax]

Go to the project directory ‘LoginApp’ with ‘cd LoginApp’

Install required NuGet packages Run the following commands:
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

dotnet add package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer
dotnet add package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design
dotnet add package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.EntityFrameworkCore

dotnet add package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer

dotnet add package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design

dotnet add package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.EntityFrameworkCore

[/codesyntax]

Make sure the version is match in LoginApp.csproj
[codesyntax lang=”csharp”]

&lt;ItemGroup&gt;
    &lt;PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.EntityFrameworkCore" Version="8.0.0" /&gt;
    &lt;PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer" Version="8.0.0" /&gt;
    &lt;PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design" Version="8.0.0"&gt;
      &lt;IncludeAssets&gt;runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive&lt;/IncludeAssets&gt;
      &lt;PrivateAssets&gt;all&lt;/PrivateAssets&gt;
    &lt;/PackageReference&gt;
  &lt;/ItemGroup&gt;

<IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>

</PackageReference>

</ItemGroup>

[/codesyntax]

Set up the database connection Open appsettings.json and add the connection string:
[codesyntax lang=”text”]

"ConnectionStrings": {
    "DefaultConnection": "Server=localhost;Database=LoginApp;User Id=your_username;Password=your_password;TrustServerCertificate=True;"
  },

"ConnectionStrings": {

"DefaultConnection": "Server=localhost;Database=LoginApp;User Id=your_username;Password=your_password;TrustServerCertificate=True;"

[/codesyntax]
Note: I need to add ‘TrustServerCertificate=True;’

Create ApplicationDbContext Create a new file ApplicationDbContext.cs
[codesyntax lang=”csharp”]

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

namespace LoginApp
{
    public class ApplicationDbContext : IdentityDbContext
    {
        public ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions&lt;ApplicationDbContext&gt; options)
            : base(options)
        {
        }
    }
}

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.EntityFrameworkCore;

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

namespace LoginApp

{

public class ApplicationDbContext : IdentityDbContext

{

public ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions<ApplicationDbContext> options)

: base(options)

{

}

[/codesyntax]

Update Program.cs Replace the content of Program.cs:
[codesyntax lang=”csharp”]

using LoginApp;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

// Add services to the container.
builder.Services.AddControllersWithViews();

builder.Services.AddDbContext&lt;ApplicationDbContext&gt;(options =&gt;
    options.UseSqlServer(builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")));

builder.Services.AddIdentity&lt;IdentityUser, IdentityRole&gt;()
    .AddEntityFrameworkStores&lt;ApplicationDbContext&gt;();

var app = builder.Build();

// Configure the HTTP request pipeline.
if (!app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
{
    app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
    app.UseHsts();
}

app.UseHttpsRedirection();
app.UseStaticFiles();

app.UseRouting();

app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();

app.MapControllerRoute(
    name: "default",
    pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");

// Initialize the database
using (var scope = app.Services.CreateScope())
{
    var services = scope.ServiceProvider;
    try
    {
        var context = services.GetRequiredService&lt;ApplicationDbContext&gt;();
        context.Database.EnsureCreated();
        await DbInitializer.Initialize(services);
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        var logger = services.GetRequiredService&lt;ILogger&lt;Program&gt;&gt;();
        logger.LogError(ex, "An error occurred while seeding the database.");
    }
}

app.Run();

using LoginApp;

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

// Add services to the container.

builder.Services.AddControllersWithViews();

builder.Services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>

options.UseSqlServer(builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")));

builder.Services.AddIdentity<IdentityUser, IdentityRole>()

.AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>();

var app = builder.Build();

// Configure the HTTP request pipeline.

if (!app.Environment.IsDevelopment())

{

app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");

app.UseHsts();

}

app.UseHttpsRedirection();

app.UseStaticFiles();

app.UseRouting();

app.UseAuthentication();

app.UseAuthorization();

app.MapControllerRoute(

name: "default",

pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");

// Initialize the database

using (var scope = app.Services.CreateScope())

{

var services = scope.ServiceProvider;

try

{

var context = services.GetRequiredService<ApplicationDbContext>();

context.Database.EnsureCreated();

await DbInitializer.Initialize(services);

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

var logger = services.GetRequiredService<ILogger<Program>>();

logger.LogError(ex, "An error occurred while seeding the database.");

}

app.Run();

[/codesyntax]

Create Login Model Create Models/LoginModel.cs:
[codesyntax lang=”csharp”]

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace LoginApp.Models
{
    public class LoginModel
    {
        [Required]
        [EmailAddress]
        public string Email { get; set; } = string.Empty;

        [Required]
        [DataType(DataType.Password)]
        public string Password { get; set; } = string.Empty;

        [Display(Name = "Remember me?")]
        public bool RememberMe { get; set; }
    }
}

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace LoginApp.Models

{

public class LoginModel

{

[Required]

[EmailAddress]

public string Email { get; set; } = string.Empty;

[Required]

[DataType(DataType.Password)]

public string Password { get; set; } = string.Empty;

[Display(Name = "Remember me?")]

public bool RememberMe { get; set; }

}

[/codesyntax]

Create Account Controller Create Controllers/AccountController.cs:
[codesyntax lang=”csharp”]

using LoginApp.Models;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace LoginApp.Controllers
{
    public class AccountController : Controller
    {
        private readonly SignInManager&lt;IdentityUser&gt; _signInManager;

        public AccountController(SignInManager&lt;IdentityUser&gt; signInManager)
        {
            _signInManager = signInManager;
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public IActionResult Login()
        {
            return View();
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public async Task&lt;IActionResult&gt; Login(LoginModel model)
        {
            if (ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                var result = await _signInManager.PasswordSignInAsync(model.Email, model.Password, model.RememberMe, lockoutOnFailure: false);
                if (result.Succeeded)
                {
                    return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
                }
                ModelState.AddModelError(string.Empty, "Invalid login attempt.");
            }
            return View(model);
        }
    }
}

using LoginApp.Models;

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace LoginApp.Controllers

{

public class AccountController : Controller

{

private readonly SignInManager<IdentityUser> _signInManager;

public AccountController(SignInManager<IdentityUser> signInManager)

{

_signInManager = signInManager;

}

[HttpGet]

public IActionResult Login()

{

return View();

}

[HttpPost]

public async Task<IActionResult> Login(LoginModel model)

{

if (ModelState.IsValid)

{

var result = await _signInManager.PasswordSignInAsync(model.Email, model.Password, model.RememberMe, lockoutOnFailure: false);

if (result.Succeeded)

{

return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");

}

ModelState.AddModelError(string.Empty, "Invalid login attempt.");

}

return View(model);

}

[/codesyntax]

Create Login View Create Views/Account/Login.cshtml:
[codesyntax lang=”html4strict”]

@model LoginApp.Models.LoginModel

&lt;h2&gt;Login&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;form asp-action="Login" method="post"&gt;
    &lt;div asp-validation-summary="ModelOnly" class="text-danger"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;div class="form-group"&gt;
        &lt;label asp-for="Email"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;
        &lt;input asp-for="Email" class="form-control" /&gt;
        &lt;span asp-validation-for="Email" class="text-danger"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;div class="form-group"&gt;
        &lt;label asp-for="Password"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;
        &lt;input asp-for="Password" class="form-control" /&gt;
        &lt;span asp-validation-for="Password" class="text-danger"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;div class="form-group"&gt;
        &lt;div class="checkbox"&gt;
            &lt;label&gt;
                &lt;input asp-for="RememberMe" /&gt; @Html.DisplayNameFor(m =&gt; m.RememberMe)
            &lt;/label&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary"&gt;Log in&lt;/button&gt;
&lt;/form&gt;

@model LoginApp.Models.LoginModel

<h2>Login</h2>

</div>

</div>

<label>

<input asp-for="RememberMe" /> @Html.DisplayNameFor(m => m.RememberMe)

</label>

</div>

</form>

[/codesyntax]

Set up the database. Create a new database ‘LoginApp’

Add a test user Create DbInitializer.cs:
[codesyntax lang=”csharp”]

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;

namespace LoginApp
{
    public static class DbInitializer
    {
        public static async Task Initialize(IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
        {
            var userManager = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService&lt;UserManager&lt;IdentityUser&gt;&gt;();

            string email = "admin@example.com";
            string password = "Admin123!";

            if (await userManager.FindByEmailAsync(email) == null)
            {
                var user = new IdentityUser { UserName = email, Email = email };
                await userManager.CreateAsync(user, password);
            }
        }
    }
}

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;

namespace LoginApp

{

public static class DbInitializer

{

public static async Task Initialize(IServiceProvider serviceProvider)

{

var userManager = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<UserManager<IdentityUser>>();

string email = "admin@example.com";

string password = "Admin123!";

if (await userManager.FindByEmailAsync(email) == null)

{

var user = new IdentityUser { UserName = email, Email = email };

await userManager.CreateAsync(user, password);

}

[/codesyntax]
Note: it’ll create a new dummy user with
email: admin@example.com
password: Admin123!

Run the application Execute:

dotnet run

1

dotnet run
Navigate to http://localhost:5000/Account/Login in your browser.

create some navigation menus (login, logout, etc) on the homepage
Create a new file called _NavBar.cshtml in the Views/Shared folder with the following content:
[codesyntax lang=”html4strict”]

@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity
@inject SignInManager&lt;IdentityUser&gt; SignInManager
@inject UserManager&lt;IdentityUser&gt; UserManager

&lt;nav class="navbar navbar-expand-sm navbar-toggleable-sm navbar-light bg-white border-bottom box-shadow mb-3"&gt;
    &lt;div class="container"&gt;
        &lt;a class="navbar-brand" asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Index"&gt;LoginApp&lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent"
                aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"&gt;
            &lt;span class="navbar-toggler-icon"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;/button&gt;
        &lt;div class="navbar-collapse collapse d-sm-inline-flex justify-content-between"&gt;
            &lt;ul class="navbar-nav flex-grow-1"&gt;
                &lt;li class="nav-item"&gt;
                    &lt;a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Index"&gt;Home&lt;/a&gt;
                &lt;/li&gt;
                @if (SignInManager.IsSignedIn(User))
                {
                    &lt;li class="nav-item"&gt;
                        &lt;a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="" asp-controller="Account" asp-action="Logout"&gt;Logout&lt;/a&gt;
                    &lt;/li&gt;
                }
                else
                {
                    &lt;li class="nav-item"&gt;
                        &lt;a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="" asp-controller="Account" asp-action="Login"&gt;Login&lt;/a&gt;
                    &lt;/li&gt;
                    &lt;li class="nav-item"&gt;
                        &lt;a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="" asp-controller="Account" asp-action="Register"&gt;Register&lt;/a&gt;
                    &lt;/li&gt;
                }
            &lt;/ul&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/nav&gt;

@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity

@inject SignInManager<IdentityUser> SignInManager

@inject UserManager<IdentityUser> UserManager

<a class="navbar-brand" asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Index">LoginApp</a>

<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent"

aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">

</button>

</li>

@if (SignInManager.IsSignedIn(User))

{

<a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="" asp-controller="Account" asp-action="Logout">Logout</a>

</li>

}

else

{

<a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="" asp-controller="Account" asp-action="Login">Login</a>

</li>

<a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="" asp-controller="Account" asp-action="Register">Register</a>

</li>

}

</ul>

</div>

</nav>

[/codesyntax]

Now, let’s include this partial view in your layout file. Open the Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml file and add the following line just after the opening <body> tag:
[codesyntax lang=”html4strict”]

&lt;body&gt;
    &lt;partial name="_NavBar" /&gt;
    &lt;!--header&gt;
        &lt;nav class="navbar navbar-expand-sm navbar-toggleable-sm navbar-light bg-white border-bottom box-shadow mb-3"&gt;
            &lt;div class="container-fluid"&gt;
                &lt;a class="navbar-brand" asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Index"&gt;LoginApp&lt;/a&gt;
                &lt;button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target=".navbar-collapse" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent"
                        aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"&gt;
                    &lt;span class="navbar-toggler-icon"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;/button&gt;
                &lt;div class="navbar-collapse collapse d-sm-inline-flex justify-content-between"&gt;
                    &lt;ul class="navbar-nav flex-grow-1"&gt;
                        &lt;li class="nav-item"&gt;
                            &lt;a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Index"&gt;Home&lt;/a&gt;
                        &lt;/li&gt;
                        &lt;li class="nav-item"&gt;
                            &lt;a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Privacy"&gt;Privacy&lt;/a&gt;
                        &lt;/li&gt;
                    &lt;/ul&gt;
                &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/nav&gt;
    &lt;/header--&gt;
    &lt;!-- ... existing content ... --&gt;
&lt;/body&gt;

<body>

<!--header>

<a class="navbar-brand" asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Index">LoginApp</a>

<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target=".navbar-collapse" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent"

aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">

</button>

</li>

<a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Privacy">Privacy</a>

</li>

</ul>

</div>

</nav>

</header-->

</body>

[/codesyntax]
Note: I need to remove the default <header> tag to use the new partial navbar

create controller for account logout
modify Controllers/AccountController.cs
[codesyntax lang=”csharp”]

using LoginApp.Models;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace LoginApp.Controllers
{
    public class AccountController : Controller
    {
        ...

        [HttpPost]
        public async Task&lt;IActionResult&gt; Login(LoginModel model)
        {
           ...
        }

        [HttpPost]
        [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
        public async Task&lt;IActionResult&gt; Logout()
        {
            await _signInManager.SignOutAsync();
            return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
        }
    }
}

using LoginApp.Models;

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace LoginApp.Controllers

{

public class AccountController : Controller

{

...

[HttpPost]

public async Task<IActionResult> Login(LoginModel model)

{

...

}

[HttpPost]

[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]

public async Task<IActionResult> Logout()

{

await _signInManager.SignOutAsync();

return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");

}

[/codesyntax]

Now, let’s update the _NavBar.cshtml partial view to use a form for the logout action, as it should be a POST request. Update the logout link in the _NavBar.cshtml file like this:
[codesyntax lang=”html4strict”]

// ... existing code ...
@if (SignInManager.IsSignedIn(User))
{
    &lt;li class="nav-item"&gt;
        &lt;form asp-area="" asp-controller="Account" asp-action="Logout" method="post" id="logoutForm" class="navbar-right"&gt;
            &lt;button type="submit" class="btn btn-link navbar-btn navbar-link"&gt;Logout&lt;/button&gt;
        &lt;/form&gt;
    &lt;/li&gt;
}
// ... existing code ...

// ... existing code ...

@if (SignInManager.IsSignedIn(User))

{

<button type="submit" class="btn btn-link navbar-btn navbar-link">Logout</button>

</form>

</li>

}

// ... existing code ...

[/codesyntax]
at the end of this file, add this javascript
[codesyntax lang=”html4strict”]

&lt;script&gt;
    $(function() {
        $('#logoutForm').on('click', function(e) {
            e.preventDefault();
            $(this).submit();
        });
    });
&lt;/script&gt;

$(function() {

$('#logoutForm').on('click', function(e) {

e.preventDefault();

$(this).submit();

});

</script>

[/codesyntax]

Add controller for registration and forgot password?

Install Microsoft SQL Server 2022 On Ubuntu 22.04

Ref: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/linux/quickstart-install-connect-ubuntu?view=sql-server-ver16&tabs=ubuntu2204

1. Update and upgrade the packages on ubuntu 22.04
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade -y

1 2	sudo apt update sudo apt upgrade -y

[/codesyntax]

2. Download the public key, convert from ASCII to GPG format, and write it to the required location:
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

curl -fsSL https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/microsoft-prod.gpg

1	curl -fsSL https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc \| sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/microsoft-prod.gpg

[/codesyntax]

3. Manually download and register the SQL Server Ubuntu repository:
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

curl -fsSL https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/22.04/mssql-server-2022.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mssql-server-2022.list

1	curl -fsSL https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/22.04/mssql-server-2022.list \| sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mssql-server-2022.list

[/codesyntax]

4. Run the following commands to install SQL Server:
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y mssql-server
...
Setting up libc++abi1-14:amd64 (1:14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1) ...
Setting up libc++1-14:amd64 (1:14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1) ...
Setting up libc++1:amd64 (1:14.0-55~exp2) ...
Setting up mssql-server (16.0.4175.1-3) ...

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
Please run 'sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup'
to complete the setup of Microsoft SQL Server
+--------------------------------------------------------------+

Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.8) ...

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install -y mssql-server

...

Setting up libc++abi1-14:amd64 (1:14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1) ...

Setting up libc++1-14:amd64 (1:14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1) ...

Setting up libc++1:amd64 (1:14.0-55~exp2) ...

Setting up mssql-server (16.0.4175.1-3) ...

+--------------------------------------------------------------+

Please run 'sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup'

to complete the setup of Microsoft SQL Server

+--------------------------------------------------------------+

Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...

Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.8) ...

[/codesyntax]

5. After the package installation finishes, run mssql-conf setup and follow the prompts to set the sa password and choose your edition.
Just choose ‘Developer’ version. type 2. My local sa password is {my-nick-name-first-uppercase}@123
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

satria@teddy:~$ sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup
Choose an edition of SQL Server:
  1) Evaluation (free, no production use rights, 180-day limit)
  2) Developer (free, no production use rights)
  3) Express (free)
  4) Web (PAID)
  5) Standard (PAID)
  6) Enterprise (PAID) - CPU core utilization restricted to 20 physical/40 hyperthreaded
  7) Enterprise Core (PAID) - CPU core utilization up to Operating System Maximum
  8) I bought a license through a retail sales channel and have a product key to enter.
  9) Standard (Billed through Azure) - Use pay-as-you-go billing through Azure.
 10) Enterprise Core (Billed through Azure) - Use pay-as-you-go billing through Azure.

Details about editions can be found at
https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=2109348&amp;clcid=0x409

Use of PAID editions of this software requires separate licensing through a
Microsoft Volume Licensing program.
By choosing a PAID edition, you are verifying that you have the appropriate
number of licenses in place to install and run this software.
By choosing an edition billed Pay-As-You-Go through Azure, you are verifying 
that the server and SQL Server will be connected to Azure by installing the 
management agent and Azure extension for SQL Server.

Enter your edition(1-10): 2
The license terms for this product can be found in
/usr/share/doc/mssql-server or downloaded from: https://aka.ms/useterms

The privacy statement can be viewed at:
https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=853010&amp;clcid=0x409

Do you accept the license terms? [Yes/No]:yes

Enter the SQL Server system administrator password: 
Confirm the SQL Server system administrator password: 
Configuring SQL Server...

ForceFlush is enabled for this instance. 
ForceFlush feature is enabled for log durability.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mssql-server.service → /lib/systemd/system/mssql-server.service.
Setup has completed successfully. SQL Server is now starting.

satria@teddy:~$ sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup

Choose an edition of SQL Server:

1) Evaluation (free, no production use rights, 180-day limit)

2) Developer (free, no production use rights)

3) Express (free)

4) Web (PAID)

5) Standard (PAID)

6) Enterprise (PAID) - CPU core utilization restricted to 20 physical/40 hyperthreaded

7) Enterprise Core (PAID) - CPU core utilization up to Operating System Maximum

8) I bought a license through a retail sales channel and have a product key to enter.

9) Standard (Billed through Azure) - Use pay-as-you-go billing through Azure.

10) Enterprise Core (Billed through Azure) - Use pay-as-you-go billing through Azure.

Details about editions can be found at

https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=2109348&clcid=0x409

Use of PAID editions of this software requires separate licensing through a

Microsoft Volume Licensing program.

By choosing a PAID edition, you are verifying that you have the appropriate

number of licenses in place to install and run this software.

By choosing an edition billed Pay-As-You-Go through Azure, you are verifying

that the server and SQL Server will be connected to Azure by installing the

management agent and Azure extension for SQL Server.

Enter your edition(1-10): 2

The license terms for this product can be found in

/usr/share/doc/mssql-server or downloaded from: https://aka.ms/useterms

The privacy statement can be viewed at:

https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=853010&clcid=0x409

Do you accept the license terms? [Yes/No]:yes

Enter the SQL Server system administrator password:

Confirm the SQL Server system administrator password:

Configuring SQL Server...

ForceFlush is enabled for this instance.

ForceFlush feature is enabled for log durability.

Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mssql-server.service → /lib/systemd/system/mssql-server.service.

Setup has completed successfully. SQL Server is now starting.

[/codesyntax]

6. Once the configuration is done, verify that the service is running:
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

systemctl status mssql-server --no-pager

1	systemctl status mssql-server --no-pager

[/codesyntax]

Install the SQL Server command-line tools (sqlcmd)

1. Import the public repository GPG keys.
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/microsoft.asc

1	curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc \| sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/microsoft.asc

[/codesyntax]

2. Register the Microsoft Ubuntu repository. For Ubuntu 22.04, use the following command:
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/22.04/prod.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mssql-release.list

1	curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/22.04/prod.list \| sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mssql-release.list

[/codesyntax]

3. Update the sources list and run the installation command with the unixODBC developer package.
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mssql-tools18 unixodbc-dev

1 2	sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install mssql-tools18 unixodbc-dev

[/codesyntax]

To update to the latest version of mssql-tools, run the following commands:
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

sudo apt-get update  
sudo apt-get install mssql-tools18

1 2	sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install mssql-tools18

[/codesyntax]

4. Add /opt/mssql-tools18/bin/ to your PATH environment variable in a bash shell.

To make sqlcmd and bcp accessible from the bash shell for login sessions, modify your PATH in the ~/.bash_profile file with the following command:
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools18/bin"' &gt;&gt; ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile

1 2	echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools18/bin"' >> ~/.bash_profile source ~/.bash_profile

[/codesyntax]

5. Test sqlcmd with ‘sqlcmd -?’
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

satria@teddy:~$ sqlcmd -?
Microsoft (R) SQL Server Command Line Tool
Version 18.4.0001.1 Linux
Copyright (C) 2017 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

usage: sqlcmd            [-U login id]          [-P password]
  [-S server or Dsn if -D is provided] 
  [-H hostname]          [-E trusted connection]
  ...
  [-G use Microsoft Entra ID for authentication]
  [-? show syntax summary]

satria@teddy:~$ sqlcmd -?

Microsoft (R) SQL Server Command Line Tool

Version 18.4.0001.1 Linux

usage: sqlcmd [-U login id] [-P password]

[-S server or Dsn if -D is provided]

[-H hostname] [-E trusted connection]

...

[-G use Microsoft Entra ID for authentication]

[-? show syntax summary]

[/codesyntax]

Connect locally. I tried to use : sqlcmd -S localhost -U sa -P your_password
but it showed up this error
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

satria@teddy:~$ sqlcmd -S localhost -U sa -P your_password
Sqlcmd: Error: Microsoft ODBC Driver 18 for SQL Server : SSL Provider: [error:0A000086:SSL routines::certificate verify failed:self-signed certificate].
Sqlcmd: Error: Microsoft ODBC Driver 18 for SQL Server : Client unable to establish connection. For solutions related to encryption errors, see https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2226722.

satria@teddy:~$ sqlcmd -S localhost -U sa -P your_password

Sqlcmd: Error: Microsoft ODBC Driver 18 for SQL Server : SSL Provider: [error:0A000086:SSL routines::certificate verify failed:self-signed certificate].

Sqlcmd: Error: Microsoft ODBC Driver 18 for SQL Server : Client unable to establish connection. For solutions related to encryption errors, see https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2226722.

[/codesyntax]

it turned out I need to add -C parameter at the end like this
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

satria@teddy:~$ sqlcmd -S localhost -U sa -P Teddy@123 -C
1&gt; SELECT Name from sys.databases;
2&gt; GO
Name                                                                                                                            
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
master                                                                                                                          
tempdb                                                                                                                          
model                                                                                                                           
msdb                                                                                                                            

(4 rows affected)
1&gt; quit

satria@teddy:~$ sqlcmd -S localhost -U sa -P Teddy@123 -C

1> SELECT Name from sys.databases;

2> GO

Name

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

master

tempdb

model

msdb

(4 rows affected)

1> quit

[/codesyntax]

Create a new database

For example create a new database TestDB from sqlcmd
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

1&gt; CREATE DATABASE TestDB;
2&gt; GO

1 2	1> CREATE DATABASE TestDB; 2> GO

[/codesyntax]

Create a new table dbo.Inventory and Insert data
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

1&gt; USE TestDB;
2&gt; GO
1&gt; CREATE TABLE dbo.Inventory
2&gt; (
3&gt; id INT,
4&gt; name NVARCHAR (50),
5&gt; quantity INT,
6&gt; PRIMARY KEY (id)
7&gt; );
8&gt; GO
1&gt; INSERT INTO dbo.Inventory VALUES (1, 'banana', 150);
2&gt; GO

(1 rows affected)
1&gt; INSERT INTO dbo.Inventory VALUES (2, 'orange', 154);
2&gt; GO

(1 rows affected)
1&gt; SELECT * FROM dbo.Inventory;
2&gt; GO
id          name                                               quantity   
----------- -------------------------------------------------- -----------
          1 banana                                                     150
          2 orange                                                     154

(2 rows affected)
1&gt; SELECT * FROM dbo.Inventory;
2&gt; GO
id          name                                               quantity   
----------- -------------------------------------------------- -----------
          1 banana                                                     150
          2 orange                                                     154

(2 rows affected)
1&gt; quit

1> USE TestDB;

2> GO

1> CREATE TABLE dbo.Inventory

2> (

3> id INT,

4> name NVARCHAR (50),

5> quantity INT,

6> PRIMARY KEY (id)

7> );

8> GO

1> INSERT INTO dbo.Inventory VALUES (1, 'banana', 150);

2> GO

(1 rows affected)

1> INSERT INTO dbo.Inventory VALUES (2, 'orange', 154);

2> GO

(1 rows affected)

1> SELECT * FROM dbo.Inventory;

2> GO

id name quantity

----------- -------------------------------------------------- -----------

1 banana 150

2 orange 154

(2 rows affected)

1> SELECT * FROM dbo.Inventory;

2> GO

id name quantity

----------- -------------------------------------------------- -----------

1 banana 150

2 orange 154

(2 rows affected)

1> quit

[/codesyntax]

Install DBeaver (https://dbeaver.io/)
This is Database GUI for many databases including MS SQL Server

Download it https://dbeaver.io/download/
I used Ubuntu PPA
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:serge-rider/dbeaver-ce
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install dbeaver-ce

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:serge-rider/dbeaver-ce

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install dbeaver-ce

[/codesyntax]

Open DBeaver CE and select to the MS SQL Server

Connect to the MS SQL Server but it needs to use JDBC driver. Install it directly from the DBeaver

If everything is okay, it’ll look like this

on the DBeaver GUI you can add a new row. for example add a new row
ID: 3
Name: Apple
Quantity: 158
Then save

on the sqlcmd should reflect the changes
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

1&gt; USE TestDB;
2&gt; GO
Changed database context to 'TestDB'.
1&gt; SELECT * FROM dbo.Inventory;
2&gt; GO
id          name                                               quantity   
----------- -------------------------------------------------- -----------
          1 banana                                                     150
          2 orange                                                     154
          3 Apple                                                      158

(3 rows affected)

1> USE TestDB;

2> GO

Changed database context to 'TestDB'.

1> SELECT * FROM dbo.Inventory;

2> GO

id name quantity

----------- -------------------------------------------------- -----------

1 banana 150

2 orange 154

3 Apple 158

(3 rows affected)

[/codesyntax]

Python and Streamlit on Ubuntu 22.04

Check the installed python

satria@teddy:~$ pip -V
pip 22.0.2 from /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip (python 3.10)

it seems I already installed python 3. but when I want to find out the location with ‘whereis python’, it showed up nothing

satria@teddy:~$ whereis python
python:

so use ‘whereis python3’ instead

satria@teddy:~$ whereis python3
python3: /usr/bin/python3 /usr/lib/python3 /etc/python3 /usr/share/python3 /usr/share/man/man1/python3.1.gz

I need to symlink python 3 to use just ‘python’ like this
satria@teddy:~$ sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python

then I can use like this
satria@teddy:~$ whereis python
python: /usr/bin/python

Install streamlit with python3 virtual environment (venv)
ref: https://docs.streamlit.io/get-started/installation/command-line

create a new directory. for example ‘streamlit’
satria@teddy:~$ cd Documents/projects/python/streamlit/

then go into the dir. make sure you already have python3-venv package. if not install it
satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/python/streamlit$ sudo apt install python3.10-venv

then use python3-venv like this:
satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/python/streamlit$ python -m venv .venv

Activate the virtual environment
satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/python/streamlit$ source .venv/bin/activate
(.venv) satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/python/streamlit$

install streamlit with pip in the venv
(.venv) satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/python/streamlit$ pip install streamlit
Collecting streamlit
Using cached streamlit-1.41.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (9.1 MB)
Collecting click<9,>=7.0
Downloading click-8.1.8-py3-none-any.whl (98 kB)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 98.2/98.2 KB 915.4 kB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting tornado<7,>=6.0.3
Using cached tornado-6.4.2-cp38-abi3-manylinux_2_5_x86_64.manylinux1_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (437 kB)
Collecting packaging<25,>=20
Using cached packaging-24.2-py3-none-any.whl (65 kB)
Collecting requests<3,>=2.27
Using cached requests-2.32.3-py3-none-any.whl (64 kB)
Collecting pydeck<1,>=0.8.0b4
Using cached pydeck-0.9.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (6.9 MB)
Collecting numpy<3,>=1.23
Using cached numpy-2.2.2-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (16.4 MB)
Collecting gitpython!=3.1.19,<4,>=3.0.7
Using cached GitPython-3.1.44-py3-none-any.whl (207 kB)
Collecting toml<2,>=0.10.1
Using cached toml-0.10.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
Collecting cachetools<6,>=4.0
Using cached cachetools-5.5.0-py3-none-any.whl (9.5 kB)
Collecting pandas<3,>=1.4.0
Using cached pandas-2.2.3-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (13.1 MB)
Collecting blinker<2,>=1.0.0
Downloading blinker-1.9.0-py3-none-any.whl (8.5 kB)
Collecting altair<6,>=4.0
Using cached altair-5.5.0-py3-none-any.whl (731 kB)
Collecting watchdog<7,>=2.1.5
Using cached watchdog-6.0.0-py3-none-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (79 kB)
Collecting pyarrow>=7.0
Using cached pyarrow-19.0.0-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl (42.1 MB)
Collecting typing-extensions<5,>=4.3.0
Using cached typing_extensions-4.12.2-py3-none-any.whl (37 kB)
Collecting pillow<12,>=7.1.0
Downloading pillow-11.1.0-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl (4.5 MB)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 4.5/4.5 MB 14.1 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting protobuf<6,>=3.20
Using cached protobuf-5.29.3-cp38-abi3-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (319 kB)
Collecting rich<14,>=10.14.0
Using cached rich-13.9.4-py3-none-any.whl (242 kB)
Collecting tenacity<10,>=8.1.0
Using cached tenacity-9.0.0-py3-none-any.whl (28 kB)
Collecting jsonschema>=3.0
Using cached jsonschema-4.23.0-py3-none-any.whl (88 kB)
Collecting narwhals>=1.14.2
Using cached narwhals-1.22.0-py3-none-any.whl (297 kB)
Collecting jinja2
Using cached jinja2-3.1.5-py3-none-any.whl (134 kB)
Collecting gitdb<5,>=4.0.1
Using cached gitdb-4.0.12-py3-none-any.whl (62 kB)
Collecting pytz>=2020.1
Downloading pytz-2024.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (508 kB)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 508.0/508.0 KB 5.5 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting tzdata>=2022.7
Using cached tzdata-2024.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (346 kB)
Collecting python-dateutil>=2.8.2
Using cached python_dateutil-2.9.0.post0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (229 kB)
Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17
Downloading certifi-2024.12.14-py3-none-any.whl (164 kB)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 164.9/164.9 KB 12.2 MB/s eta 0:00:00
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Downloading urllib3-2.3.0-py3-none-any.whl (128 kB)
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Collecting idna<4,>=2.5
Downloading idna-3.10-py3-none-any.whl (70 kB)
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Using cached charset_normalizer-3.4.1-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (146 kB)
Collecting pygments<3.0.0,>=2.13.0
Using cached pygments-2.19.1-py3-none-any.whl (1.2 MB)
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Using cached markdown_it_py-3.0.0-py3-none-any.whl (87 kB)
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Using cached smmap-5.0.2-py3-none-any.whl (24 kB)
Collecting MarkupSafe>=2.0
Downloading MarkupSafe-3.0.2-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (20 kB)
Collecting referencing>=0.28.4
Using cached referencing-0.36.1-py3-none-any.whl (26 kB)
Collecting jsonschema-specifications>=2023.03.6
Using cached jsonschema_specifications-2024.10.1-py3-none-any.whl (18 kB)
Collecting rpds-py>=0.7.1
Using cached rpds_py-0.22.3-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (381 kB)
Collecting attrs>=22.2.0
Using cached attrs-24.3.0-py3-none-any.whl (63 kB)
Collecting mdurl~=0.1
Using cached mdurl-0.1.2-py3-none-any.whl (10.0 kB)
Collecting six>=1.5
Downloading six-1.17.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (11 kB)
Installing collected packages: pytz, watchdog, urllib3, tzdata, typing-extensions, tornado, toml, tenacity, smmap, six, rpds-py, pygments, pyarrow, protobuf, pillow, packaging, numpy, narwhals, mdurl, MarkupSafe, idna, click, charset-normalizer, certifi, cachetools, blinker, attrs, requests, referencing, python-dateutil, markdown-it-py, jinja2, gitdb, rich, pydeck, pandas, jsonschema-specifications, gitpython, jsonschema, altair, streamlit
Successfully installed MarkupSafe-3.0.2 altair-5.5.0 attrs-24.3.0 blinker-1.9.0 cachetools-5.5.0 certifi-2024.12.14 charset-normalizer-3.4.1 click-8.1.8 gitdb-4.0.12 gitpython-3.1.44 idna-3.10 jinja2-3.1.5 jsonschema-4.23.0 jsonschema-specifications-2024.10.1 markdown-it-py-3.0.0 mdurl-0.1.2 narwhals-1.22.0 numpy-2.2.2 packaging-24.2 pandas-2.2.3 pillow-11.1.0 protobuf-5.29.3 pyarrow-19.0.0 pydeck-0.9.1 pygments-2.19.1 python-dateutil-2.9.0.post0 pytz-2024.2 referencing-0.36.1 requests-2.32.3 rich-13.9.4 rpds-py-0.22.3 six-1.17.0 smmap-5.0.2 streamlit-1.41.1 tenacity-9.0.0 toml-0.10.2 tornado-6.4.2 typing-extensions-4.12.2 tzdata-2024.2 urllib3-2.3.0 watchdog-6.0.0

test it by typing ‘streamlit hello’

(.venv) satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/python/streamlit$ streamlit hello

👋 Welcome to Streamlit!

If you’d like to receive helpful onboarding emails, news, offers, promotions,
and the occasional swag, please enter your email address below. Otherwise,
leave this field blank.

Email: your_email@yahoo.com

You can find our privacy policy at https://streamlit.io/privacy-policy

Summary:
– This open source library collects usage statistics.
– We cannot see and do not store information contained inside Streamlit apps,
such as text, charts, images, etc.
– Telemetry data is stored in servers in the United States.
– If you’d like to opt out, add the following to ~/.streamlit/config.toml,
creating that file if necessary:

[browser]
gatherUsageStats = false

Welcome to Streamlit. Check out our demo in your browser.

Local URL: http://localhost:8501
Network URL: http://192.168.1.23:8501

Ready to create your own Python apps super quickly?
Head over to https://docs.streamlit.io

May you create awesome apps!

it’d open http://localhost:8501 on the browser.

Create new app and run it
In your project directory (/home/satria/Documents/projects/python/streamlit) that exist .venv file, create a new file ‘app.py’

[codesyntax lang=”python”]

import streamlit as st

st.write("Hello World")

import streamlit as st

st.write("Hello World")

[/codesyntax]

then run it.
note: pls make sure you’re already in the virtual environment (venv). if not type ‘source .venv/bin/activate’ to activate it. then run it by typing ‘streamlit run app.py’:
satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/python/streamlit$ source .venv/bin/activate
(.venv) satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/python/streamlit$ streamlit run app.py

You can now view your Streamlit app in your browser.

Local URL: http://localhost:8501
Network URL: http://192.168.1.23:8501

it’ll open it on your browser and printed ‘Hello World’

….

if you already finished, you can stop the streamlit app with ctrl+c and deactivated the venv
^C Stopping…
(.venv) satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/python/streamlit$ deactivate
satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/python/streamlit$

Golang and Gin Restful API

Ref: https://santrikoding.com/tutorial-restful-api-golang-1-membuat-project-golang

Note: Make sure golang is already installed by checking with ‘go version’ on your linux terminal
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

satria@teddy:~$ go version
go version go1.18.3 linux/amd64

1 2	satria@teddy:~$ go version go version go1.18.3 linux/amd64

[/codesyntax]
Note: it’ll be better to use the newest go version. I already installed go version 1.23.4
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

satria@teddy:~/Downloads$ go version
go version go1.23.4 linux/amd64

1 2	satria@teddy:~/Downloads$ go version go version go1.23.4 linux/amd64

[/codesyntax]

Note: don’t forget to run ‘go mod tidy’ on your go project

1. Create a new directory for this project named ‘go-restful-api’ then go into the directory
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects$ mkdir go-restful-api
satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects$ cd go-restful-api/

1 2	satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects$ mkdir go-restful-api satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects$ cd go-restful-api/

[/codesyntax]

then type this to create a new module ‘advcha/backend-api’
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/go-restful-api$ go mod init advcha/backend-api
go: creating new go.mod: module advcha/backend-api

1 2	satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/go-restful-api$ go mod init advcha/backend-api go: creating new go.mod: module advcha/backend-api

[/codesyntax]

2. Install ‘Gin’ and the libraries. Gin is a go-based web framework
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/go-restful-api$ go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin
go: downloading github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.10.0
...
github.com/gin-gonic/gin imports
	github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding imports
	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 imports
	slices: package slices is not in GOROOT (/usr/local/go/src/slices)

satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/go-restful-api$ go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin

go: downloading github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.10.0

...

github.com/gin-gonic/gin imports

github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding imports

github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 imports

slices: package slices is not in GOROOT (/usr/local/go/src/slices)

[/codesyntax]

3. Create a ‘Hello World’ with Gin
create a new file ‘main.go’ then here is the content
[codesyntax lang=”text”]

package main

import (
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

func main() {
	// initialize Gin
	router := gin.Default()

	// create a GET route with an endpoint "/"
	router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
		// return JSON response
		c.JSON(200, gin.H{
			"message": "Hello World!",
		})
	})

	// start the server with port 3000
	router.Run(":3000") // listen and serve on
}

package main

import (

"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

)

func main() {

// initialize Gin

router := gin.Default()

// create a GET route with an endpoint "/"

router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {

// return JSON response

c.JSON(200, gin.H{

"message": "Hello World!",

})

// start the server with port 3000

router.Run(":3000") // listen and serve on

}

[/codesyntax]

4. Run it with ‘go run main.go’
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/go-restful-api$ go run main.go
[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Creating an Engine instance with the Logger and Recovery middleware already attached.

[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Running in "debug" mode. Switch to "release" mode in production.
 - using env:	export GIN_MODE=release
 - using code:	gin.SetMode(gin.ReleaseMode)

[GIN-debug] GET    /                         --&gt; main.main.func1 (3 handlers)
[GIN-debug] [WARNING] You trusted all proxies, this is NOT safe. We recommend you to set a value.
Please check https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/gin-gonic/gin#readme-don-t-trust-all-proxies for details.
[GIN-debug] Listening and serving HTTP on :3000

satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/go-restful-api$ go run main.go

[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Creating an Engine instance with the Logger and Recovery middleware already attached.

[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Running in "debug" mode. Switch to "release" mode in production.

- using env: export GIN_MODE=release

- using code: gin.SetMode(gin.ReleaseMode)

[GIN-debug] GET / --> main.main.func1 (3 handlers)

[GIN-debug] [WARNING] You trusted all proxies, this is NOT safe. We recommend you to set a value.

Please check https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/gin-gonic/gin#readme-don-t-trust-all-proxies for details.

[GIN-debug] Listening and serving HTTP on :3000

[/codesyntax]

5. open it on your browser with http://localhost:3000/
it should print

{"message":"Hello World!"}

1	{"message":"Hello World!"}

Install GORM (Go ORM). it’s a Object Relational Mapping (ORM) for Golang
1. Install GORM with MySQL driver
[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/go-restful-api$ go get -u gorm.io/gorm gorm.io/driver/mysql
go: downloading gorm.io/gorm v1.25.12
go: downloading gorm.io/driver/mysql v1.5.7
go: downloading github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.7.0
go: downloading github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5
go: downloading github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0
go: downloading github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.8.1
go: downloading filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0
go: added filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0
go: added github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.8.1
go: added github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0
go: added github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5
go: upgraded golang.org/x/text v0.15.0 =&gt; v0.21.0
go: added gorm.io/driver/mysql v1.5.7
go: added gorm.io/gorm v1.25.12

satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/go-restful-api$ go get -u gorm.io/gorm gorm.io/driver/mysql

go: downloading gorm.io/gorm v1.25.12

go: downloading gorm.io/driver/mysql v1.5.7

go: downloading github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.7.0

go: downloading github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5

go: downloading github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0

go: downloading github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.8.1

go: downloading filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0

go: added filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0

go: added github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.8.1

go: added github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0

go: added github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5

go: upgraded golang.org/x/text v0.15.0 => v0.21.0

go: added gorm.io/driver/mysql v1.5.7

go: added gorm.io/gorm v1.25.12

[/codesyntax]

2. Create a new .env file to store the variables like the database name, password, etc.
[codesyntax lang=”text”]

export DB_USERNAME=your_mysql_username
export DB_PASSWORD=your_mysql_password
export DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
export DB_PORT=3306
export DB_NAME=db_go_restful_api

export DB_USERNAME=your_mysql_username

export DB_PASSWORD=your_mysql_password

export DB_HOST=127.0.0.1

export DB_PORT=3306

export DB_NAME=db_go_restful_api

[/codesyntax]
Note: rename ‘your_mysql_username’ and ‘your_mysql_password’ for your mysql account
‘db_go_restful_api’ is the database name we will create later

We need to install a package ‘github.com/joho/godotenv’ on the terminal ‘go get github.com/joho/godotenv’ to read the .env file
Note: run ‘go mod tidy’ to install any missing packages if exist

2. Create a Post model
create a new directory ‘models’ then create a new file ‘post.go’ in it. here is the file content
[codesyntax lang=”text”]

package models

type Post struct {
	// ID is the unique identifier of the post
	ID 	int 	`json:"id" gorm:"primary_key"`
	// Title is the title of the post
	Title 	string 	`json:"title"`
	// Content is the content of the post
	Content string 	`json:"content"`
}

package models

type Post struct {

// ID is the unique identifier of the post

ID int `json:"id" gorm:"primary_key"`

// Title is the title of the post

Title string `json:"title"`

// Content is the content of the post

Content string `json:"content"`

}

[/codesyntax]

3. create a database connection
create a new file ‘setup.go’ in the ‘models’ directory. here is the file content
[codesyntax lang=”text”]

package models

import (
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"gorm.io/driver/mysql"
	"gorm.io/gorm"
)

var DB *gorm.DB

func ConnectDatabase() {
	// create a database connection. The connection string is in the format:
	username := os.Getenv("DB_USERNAME")
	password := os.Getenv("DB_PASSWORD")
	host := os.Getenv("DB_HOST")
	port := os.Getenv("DB_PORT")
	dbname := os.Getenv("DB_NAME")

	dsn := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s@tcp(%s:%s)/%s?charset=utf8mb4&amp;parseTime=True&amp;loc=Local",
		username, password, host, port, dbname)
	
	database, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &amp;gorm.Config{})

	// check if there is an error when connecting to the database
	if err != nil {
		panic("Failed to connect to database!")
	}

	// if there is no error, then create a table for the 'Post' model
	database.AutoMigrate(&amp;Post{})

	// assign the database connection to the global variable 'DB'
	DB = database
}

func GetDB() *gorm.DB {
	return DB
}

package models

import (

"fmt"

"os"

"gorm.io/driver/mysql"

"gorm.io/gorm"

)

var DB *gorm.DB

func ConnectDatabase() {

// create a database connection. The connection string is in the format:

username := os.Getenv("DB_USERNAME")

password := os.Getenv("DB_PASSWORD")

host := os.Getenv("DB_HOST")

port := os.Getenv("DB_PORT")

dbname := os.Getenv("DB_NAME")

dsn := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s@tcp(%s:%s)/%s?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local",

username, password, host, port, dbname)

database, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})

// check if there is an error when connecting to the database

if err != nil {

panic("Failed to connect to database!")

}

// if there is no error, then create a table for the 'Post' model

database.AutoMigrate(&Post{})

// assign the database connection to the global variable 'DB'

DB = database

}

func GetDB() *gorm.DB {

return DB

}

[/codesyntax]

4. create a new mysql database ‘db_go_restful_api’

5. Create a new Post controller ‘postController.go’ in ‘controllers’ directory
[codesyntax lang=”text”]

package controllers

import (
	"advcha/backend-api/models"
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

// get all posts
func FindPosts(c *gin.Context) {
	// get all posts from the database
	var posts []models.Post
	models.DB.Find(&amp;posts)

	// return JSON response
	c.JSON(200, gin.H{
		"status": "success",
		"message": "All posts retrieved successfully",
		"data": posts
	})
}

package controllers

import (

"advcha/backend-api/models"

"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

)

// get all posts

func FindPosts(c *gin.Context) {

// get all posts from the database

var posts []models.Post

models.DB.Find(&posts)

// return JSON response

c.JSON(200, gin.H{

"status": "success",

"message": "All posts retrieved successfully",

"data": posts

})

}

[/codesyntax]

6. Create a route API Post
edit main.go to import the models and controllers. Also put the route in it. so it’ll be like this
[codesyntax lang=”text”]

package main

import (
	"advcha/backend-api/controllers"
	"advcha/backend-api/models"
	"github.com/joho/godotenv"
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
	"log"
)

func main() {
	// load the .env file
	err := godotenv.Load()
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal("Error loading .env file")
	}

	// initialize Gin
	router := gin.Default()

	// connect to the database
	models.ConnectDatabase()

	// create a GET route with an endpoint "/"
	router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
		// return JSON response
		c.JSON(200, gin.H{
			"message": "Hello World!",
		})
	})

	// create a GET route with an endpoint "/posts"
	router.GET("/api/posts", controllers.FindPosts)

	// start the server with port 3000
	router.Run(":3000") // listen and serve on
}

package main

import (

"advcha/backend-api/controllers"

"advcha/backend-api/models"

"github.com/joho/godotenv"

"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

"log"

)

func main() {

// load the .env file

err := godotenv.Load()

if err != nil {

log.Fatal("Error loading .env file")

}

// initialize Gin

router := gin.Default()

// connect to the database

models.ConnectDatabase()

// create a GET route with an endpoint "/"

router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {

// return JSON response

c.JSON(200, gin.H{

"message": "Hello World!",

})

// create a GET route with an endpoint "/posts"

router.GET("/api/posts", controllers.FindPosts)

// start the server with port 3000

router.Run(":3000") // listen and serve on

}

[/codesyntax]

7. Run it and open it on your browser
If everything okay, the url http://localhost:3000/api/posts will show

{"data":[],"message":"All posts retrieved successfully","status":"success"}

1	{"data":[],"message":"All posts retrieved successfully","status":"success"}

Note: Also we can check it via Postman
create a new collection ‘Go Gin Restful API’ then create a new GET request ‘api_posts’ with url http://localhost:3000/api/posts

Insert data into the database
1. Create a new function ‘InsertPost’ in postController.go
note: first, we need to install a package ‘github.com/go-playground/validator/v10′[codesyntax lang=”bash”]

satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/go-restful-api$ go get github.com/go-playground/validator/v10
go: upgraded github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.3 =&gt; v1.4.8
go: upgraded github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.20.0 =&gt; v10.24.0
go: upgraded golang.org/x/crypto v0.23.0 =&gt; v0.32.0
go: upgraded golang.org/x/net v0.25.0 =&gt; v0.34.0
go: upgraded golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0 =&gt; v0.29.0
satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/go-restful-api$ go mod tidy

satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/go-restful-api$ go get github.com/go-playground/validator/v10

go: upgraded github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.3 => v1.4.8

go: upgraded github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.20.0 => v10.24.0

go: upgraded golang.org/x/crypto v0.23.0 => v0.32.0

go: upgraded golang.org/x/net v0.25.0 => v0.34.0

go: upgraded golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0 => v0.29.0

satria@teddy:~/Documents/projects/go-restful-api$ go mod tidy

[/codesyntax]

[codesyntax lang=”text”]

package controllers

import (
	"errors"
	"net/http"
	"advcha/backend-api/models"
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
	"github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
)

// ValidatePostInput struct is used to validate the input of the post
type ValidatePostInput struct {
	Title string `json:"title" binding:"required"`
	Content string `json:"content" binding:"required"`
}

// ErrorMsg struct is used to return the error message
type ErrorMsg struct {
	Field   string `json:"field"`
	Message string `json:"message"`
}

// GetErrorMsg function is used to get the error message
func GetErrorMsg(fe validator.FieldError) string {
	switch fe.Tag() {
	case "required":
		return "This field is required"
	}
	return "Unknown error"
}

// get all posts
func FindPosts(c *gin.Context) {
	// get all posts from the database
	var posts []models.Post
	models.DB.Find(&amp;posts)

	// return JSON response
	c.JSON(200, gin.H{
		"status": "success",
		"message": "All posts retrieved successfully",
		"data": posts,
	})
}

func InsertPost(c *gin.Context) {
	// validate the input
	var input ValidatePostInput

	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&amp;input); err != nil {
		var ve validator.ValidationErrors
		if errors.As(err, &amp;ve) {
			out := make([]ErrorMsg, len(ve))
			for i, fe := range ve {
				out[i] = ErrorMsg{fe.Field(), GetErrorMsg(fe)}
			}
			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": out})
		}
		return
	}

	// create a new post
	post := models.Post{Title: input.Title, Content: input.Content}

	// insert the new post into the database
	models.DB.Create(&amp;post)

	// return JSON response
	c.JSON(200, gin.H{
		"status": "success",
		"message": "Post created successfully",
		"data": post,
	})
}

package controllers

import (

"errors"

"net/http"

"advcha/backend-api/models"

"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

"github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"

)

// ValidatePostInput struct is used to validate the input of the post

type ValidatePostInput struct {

Title string `json:"title" binding:"required"`

Content string `json:"content" binding:"required"`

}

// ErrorMsg struct is used to return the error message

type ErrorMsg struct {

Field string `json:"field"`

Message string `json:"message"`

}

// GetErrorMsg function is used to get the error message

func GetErrorMsg(fe validator.FieldError) string {

switch fe.Tag() {

case "required":

return "This field is required"

}

return "Unknown error"

}

// get all posts

func FindPosts(c *gin.Context) {

// get all posts from the database

var posts []models.Post

models.DB.Find(&posts)

// return JSON response

c.JSON(200, gin.H{

"status": "success",

"message": "All posts retrieved successfully",

"data": posts,

})

}

func InsertPost(c *gin.Context) {

// validate the input

var input ValidatePostInput

if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {

var ve validator.ValidationErrors

if errors.As(err, &ve) {

out := make([]ErrorMsg, len(ve))

for i, fe := range ve {

out[i] = ErrorMsg{fe.Field(), GetErrorMsg(fe)}

}

c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": out})

}

return

}

// create a new post

post := models.Post{Title: input.Title, Content: input.Content}

// insert the new post into the database

models.DB.Create(&post)

// return JSON response

c.JSON(200, gin.H{

"status": "success",

"message": "Post created successfully",

"data": post,

})

}

[/codesyntax]

2. Then add a route in main.go to insert the post like this
[codesyntax lang=”text”]

func main() {
	...

	// create a GET route with an endpoint "/posts"
	router.GET("/api/posts", controllers.FindPosts)

	// create a POST route with an endpoint "/posts"
	router.POST("/api/posts", controllers.InsertPost)

	// start the server with port 3000
	router.Run(":3000") // listen and serve on
}

func main() {

...

// create a GET route with an endpoint "/posts"

router.GET("/api/posts", controllers.FindPosts)

// create a POST route with an endpoint "/posts"

router.POST("/api/posts", controllers.InsertPost)

// start the server with port 3000

router.Run(":3000") // listen and serve on

}

[/codesyntax]

3. Run and test with Postman

Note: also need to test the validation with a json for empty title and content to make sure the validation is working.
the above screen showed the json with title and content and the success result
the output on http://localhost:3000/api/posts will be like this:

{"data":[{"id":1,"title":"My First Post","content":"Here is the content of my first post"}],"message":"All posts retrieved successfully","status":"success"}

1	{"data":[{"id":1,"title":"My First Post","content":"Here is the content of my first post"}],"message":"All posts retrieved successfully","status":"success"}